![]() Points from the lower left corner of the figure The default value is 'data': String Value The coordinate system of xy and xytext can be specified string values assigned to xycoords and textcoords. There are other coordinate systems available we can choose. The xy and the xytext locations of our example are in data coordinates. We have to provide some informations to the parameters of annotate, we have used in our previous example. plot ( X, F_derivative, label = "derivation of p" ) ax. annotate ( "inflection point", xy = ( 0, p ( 0 )), xytext = ( - 3, - 30 ), arrowprops = dict ( facecolor = 'orange', shrink = 0.05 )) ax. annotate ( "local minimum", xy = ( 2, p ( 2 )), xytext = ( - 2, p ( 2 ) - 40 ), arrowprops = dict ( facecolor = 'orange', shrink = 0.05 )) ax. annotate ( "local maximum", xy = ( - 2, p ( - 2 )), xytext = ( - 1, p ( - 2 ) + 35 ), arrowprops = dict ( facecolor = 'orange' )) ax. arange ( - 5, 5, 0.1 ) F = p ( X ) F_derivative = p_der ( X ) ax. In its simplest form annotate method needs two arguments annotate(s, xy), where s is the text string for the annotation and xx is the position of the point to be annotated:įrom polynomials import Polynomial import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt p = Polynomial ( 1, 0, - 12, 0 ) p_der = p. We will annotate the local maximum and the local minimum of a function. We demonstrate how easy it is in matplotlib to to annotate plots in matplotlib with the annotate method. Both of these arguments are (x,y) tuples. In an annotation, there are two points to consider: the location being annotated represented by the argument xy and the location of the text xytext. We can easily annotate points inside the axis or on the graph with the annotate method of an axes object. We have already used axis labels and titles for this purpose, but these are 'annotations' for the whole plot. To this purpose we use texts, labels and arrows. This means we draw the readers attentions to important points and areas of the plot. The visualizations of function plots often makes annotations necessary. ![]() We will use the Polynomial class which we have defined in our chapter Polynomials.Įnjoying this page? We offer live Python training courses covering the content of this site. For a change we want to use now polynomials. We have mainly used trigonometric functions in our previous chapter. The pyplot function legend(*args, **kwargs)Īll we have to do to create a legend for lines, which already exist on the axes, is to simply call the function "legend" with an iterable of strings, one for each legend item. Every entry consists of a key and a label. We will demonstrate in the following simple example how we can place a legend on a graph. Legends are used in line graphs to explain the function or the values underlying the different lines of the graph. Legends - as they are found in maps - describe the pictorial language or symbology of the map. It gives us valuable information about the visualized data.īefore legends have been used in mathematical graphs, they have been used in maps. So we can say legends are the things in a graph or plot which have to be read to understand the plot. The word legend stems from Latin and it means in Latin "to be read". They have to read it and this is where the original meaning comes from. Legends are the classical stories from ancient Greece or other places which are usually devoured by adolescents. This chapter of our tutorial is about legends. Estimation of Corona cases with Python and Pandas.Net Income Method Example with Numpy, Matplotlib and Scipy.Expenses and income example with Pandas and Python.Accessing and Changing values of DataFrames.Creating Videos from One or More Images.Image Processing Techniques with Python and Matplotlib.Image Processing in Python with Matplotlib.Adding Legends and Annotations in Matplotlib. ![]() Reading and Writing Data Files: ndarrays.Matrix Arithmetics under NumPy and Python.Numpy Arrays: Concatenating, Flattening and Adding Dimensions.Instructor-led training courses by Bernd Klein ![]() Live Python classes by highly experienced instructors: ![]()
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![]() ![]() This is simply the latest one in a long line. Quark keeps improving their MS Word filters. Besides, the XTension only affected TIFF images, whereas this new built-in feature works for all color in the document, except EPS files.) (Note that this feature replaces the PrintRGB XTension–which only works with XPress 4.0x. Oh well, perhaps they’ll finally get it right in QuarkXPress 5. Therefore, CMYK color is still sent to those cheap color inkjet printers that everyone seems to have these days. Unfortunately, this only appears to work when printing PostScript. Now, in QuarkXPress 4.1, you have the option (in the Print dialog box) of sending raw RGB data, resulting in more eye-popping color. The problem: XPress 4.0x always converts colors to CMYK. If you have an RGB printing device (or one of the inexpensive color inkjet printers that pretend to be RGB devices), you have probably been disappointed in XPress 4’s color output. If you need a more robust HTML Export tool, take a look at Extensis’ BeyondPress, Gluon’s WebXPress, or HexMac’s HexWeb. While this is a step forward, it’s really only for people who want to get content easily into another Web design program, such as Dreamweaver or GoLive. Rather, it lets you export text from a single story (no graphics, and only minimal formatting). When it ships, QuarkXPress 5 is also supposed to export whole pages as HTML this XTension cannot do that. For even more PDF export control, check out Techno-Design’s Design XT. ![]() The filter also lets you import PDF files into picture boxes however, you cannot edit imported PDF files, and color PDFs might not always separate perfectly. In the meantime, however, anyone creating PDF files from XPress should be using the PDF Filter, which not only speeds up the process of creating PDFs, but also offers automatic hyperlinks for lists and indexes. The world is going PDF-wild! Quark has announced that QuarkXPress 5 will probably not need the distiller to create PDF files. XTensions Available at the Quark Site (but also included with XPress 4.1) Note that some of these XTensions are currently available for version 4.04, too, by downloading them from the Quark site. Let’s take a look at each new XTension and how likely it is that you’ll want to embrace it. ![]() This means that you can add the features you want and leave out the ones you don’t use. For some years now, Quark has released most new features as XTensions before they take the radical step of building them directly into the program. However, the primary benefit of QuarkXPress 4.1 is the set of XTensions that it ships with. ![]() Quark also gave the scripting dictionary a significant boost, fixing bugs and giving new life to many older 3.x scripts (though you still cannot script many of version 4’s best features, such as lists and indexes). Quark fixed the most heinous problems-like the fact that XPress 4.0x assumed that any embedded path in a TIFF file was meant to be a clipping path, and that XPress 4.04 wouldn’t let you override the trap settings for text that already had multiple trap values. While version 4.1 hasn’t been released as of this writing, I was able to play with it and I’m pleased to say that it’s a reasonable step forward. (Or maybe it was the fact that Adobe InDesign just shipped.) Whatever the case, Quark is sending an upgrade to 4.1 free to every registered user of QuarkXPress 4, and that’s good news. Perhaps it was just out of the kindness of Quark’s collective heart. Perhaps it was the scores of people who still found bugs in XPress even after 4.04 was released. Perhaps it was the overwhelming number of people who complained that Quark charged too much for their 4.0 upgrade. ![]() ![]() ![]() Villefort embarks on a career as a poisoner, exposing her husband to one scandal on top of another and almost crushing the hopes of a pair of ardent young lovers.īesides engineering all these disasters-the last of which degenerates into a bloodbath that sickens even himself-the Count of Monte Cristo, considering himself the agent of divine retribution, leads the cunning Caderousse into temptation, with macabre results, finally becoming a witness to the man’s murder by another accomplice in his program of revenge. ![]() Taking a hint from the enigmatic Count, Mme. His angelic elder daughter Valentine takes care of Villefort’s paralytic father, that embarrassing old Bonapartist but his youthful second wife, anything but angelic, wants her bratty son to inherit the fortunes destined for Valentine. (After many sorrows, Danglars eventually repents).Īnd finally, Villefort has become one of the most respected judges in the Parisian courts, married twice, and fathered a child by each wife. Now filthy rich, unhappily married, and father to a daughter whose probable lesbianism only troubles him to the extent that it frustrates his plans to marry her off at great advantage, Danglars enjoys a reputation as one of the leading bankers in Paris… until, L.S.S., the Count meddles with the market in just such a way as to bring his old nemesis to total ruin. Long story short (hereafter “L.S.S.”), Mondego blows his brains out after being exposed as a vile traitor whose daring deeds are a tissue of fiction.ĭanglars, meanwhile, has shrewdly invested the money he embezzled from Edmond’s former employer (whose suicide, and that of his son, the Count pays dearly to prevent). Then he unleashes an interlocking set of devilishly subtle schemes to destroy all three men in detail.ĭuring the intervening years, Mondego has married Mercédès, fathered a son (who, notwithstanding the above-mentioned movie, is not even the tiniest bit Edmond’s son), and mounted a ladder of political power based on his supposedly heroic military exploits. From there, the Count gradually re-enters society, insinuating himself into the confidences of the younger generation, including the sons and daughters of Danglars, Mondego, and Villefort. By one lucky chance after another, Edmond makes it to land, finds out who done him wrong, digs up the Abbé’s insanely vast treasure, and begins to pass himself off as the Count of Monte Cristo (which is an uninhabited island in the Mediterranean, well suited to the needs of pirates, smugglers, and escaped prisoners hatching revenge). At least, so it is until Edmond-profiting by the death of the Abbé Faria, his next-dungeon neighbor, teacher, and friend-sews himself up inside the Abbé’s body-bag and gets tossed into the Mediterranean. ![]() So begins Edmond’s fourteen-year burial in the Château d’If, an island prison in which life is a living death, and from which death is the only escape. These two devise a plot to frame Edmond for treasonously conspiring with the exiled Emperor, aided by the cowardly silence of Edmond’s morally weak friend Caderousse and the ruthless ambition of a deputy prosecutor named Villefort, who-keen to secure his rise in career and society-would make the innocent Dantès vanish rather than see his own father exposed as a Bonapartist. Alas, he is not so well-loved by the Spaniard Mondego who loves Mercédès, nor by ship’s purser Danglars who envies his rise to command. Promoted to command by the death of his skipper, Edmond is loved by his crew, by the merchant ship owner, by his old father, and by the fair Mercédès, a Spanish maiden who has agreed to be his wife. Into the port of Marseilles, in the south of France, sails a young merchant captain named Edmond Dantès. The story begins on the eve of Napoleon’s return from his first exile on the island of Elba, the “hundred days” dramatized by so many other books I have reviewed. So, with gratitude to reader John Lee for lending his voice to so many characters, I can report that the complete, unabridged novel is most entertaining, thank you. More recently, the daily cross of commuting-under which I sometimes felt as though buried at the wheel of my car-prompted me to beguile the monotonous hours by “reading” an audiobook version of the story. I, for one, got by on an illustrated, abridged children’s version of it when I was a boy, and later contented myself with repeated viewings of the film adaptation starring Jim Caviezel and Guy Pearce. And yet I would be surprised if one American in a hundred has actually read the novel, in translation or otherwise. Written in French in 1844, its influence is so widespread even in non-French-speaking countries that references, situations, and attitudes from it inform the make-believe playtime of countless American boys. Here is a book that is deeply embedded in western culture. ![]() ![]() ![]() “I’m applying for a state historic marker to be placed here, and I want to get a nice gate – if we can raise the funds – that says ‘ Poultney Hebrew Cemetery,’ which is what it’s referred to,” he said.There is a lot more to the story by David Lachance published in the Rutland Herald newspaper's web site at. Netanel Crispe, 18, a senior at Burr and Burton Academy in Manchester, is hoping to preserve the cemetery before it disappears forever.The following announcement was written by the Accredited Genealogists Ireland (AGI):At our recent Annual General Meeting it was announced that AGI Members Máire Mac Conghail and Helen Kelly have been elected Fellows of the Association. You might be able to help.Hogwasher is the ultimate newsgroup browser for OS X. File downloads in multiple connections across multiple servers, thread trees and extensive filtering for keeping your discussions accessible, and a complete email client just in case. Developer/Publisher: Asar Corporation.Vienna is a freeware and Open-Source RSS/Atom newsreader with article storage and management via a SQLite database, written in Objective-C and Cocoa, for the OS.Crispe first learned of the cemetery while doing some metal detecting in town on behalf of a historical society. “I came across a house that I was told was a synagogue,” he explained. ![]() RSS newsreaders for Macintosh users.The family who owned the house “mentioned that there was a Jewish cemetery in town, and I was blown away because I had no idea.”As both a 10th generation Vermonter and an Orthodox Jew, Crispe is keenly interested in the history of Jewish life in the Green Mountain State. Like NetNewsWire, above, NewsFan is an easy-to-use RSS Web news reader for Mac OS X. News views an be customized through the use of stylesheets, and the software contains some interesting integration with iPods (news can be converted into audo that is uploaded to your iPod) and the iTunes Music Store (which can be. Newsreader for mac read the latest news & participate in discussions at your favorite newsgroups with these newsreader apps for mac OS EL Capitan & Sierra.A small Jewish cemetery in East Poultney, Vermont is almost impossible to find. ![]() ![]() ![]() If you’re a serious music scrobbler then installing this unofficial desktop program is worth it for this feature alone. There’s a new Desktop Settings entry in the menu - from here it’s possible to tweak the look of the application, enable or disable desktop notifications, and configure the aforementioned Last.fm support. Google Play Music Desktop Player (herein referred to as ‘GPMDP’ because my fingers ache typing it out in full) is an unofficial desktop client for Google Play Music built using Electron (don’t groan). Sign in with your Google credentials, and you get pretty much the same interface as you see when you load up the app in your browser. While it sticks to the basics, it does have one useful feature you can’t find on the web: Last.fm integration. If you do want to air your tunes from a desktop application in Windows or Mac OS X, then there are a couple of third-party, open source options available: Here’s how to find and use them.įirst up is the imaginatively titled Google Play Music Desktop Player for Windows (hat tip to SlashGear). It also dynamically colors itself to match GPMDP. The music info is from Google Play Music Desktop Player and includes full media controls as well as the ability to display the queue relative to the current song (Past 5 and next 5 songs). But as you would expect from Google, there’s not much in the way of desktop support. This is a rainmeter skin that replicates both the bottom bar and the miniplayer for Google Play Music. I should be able to set this in the snapcraft. Pause, In current queue or within a library of songs.Google Play Music lives on the web and as several mobile apps. For me, env DISABLEWAYLAND1 google-play-music-desktop-player works.DR: Download Google Play Music Desktop Player and this skin to display. Moves the Album Art buttons off the artwork So lets we have looked at some of the best Rainmeter Themes and Skins for 2o13.Search box fixes (Some which aren't on live version).Wrapper for Google Music turning it into a standalone application which has the following features: Support custom User Styles (CSS) Mini mode which can be on top as a widget. So lets we have looked at some of the best Rainmeter Themes. Unofficial Google Play Music Desktop Player for Windows 7, 8, 8.1 or 10. An updated version of Google Play Music Desktop Player, a third-party app, launched this weekend for Mac and Linux, bringing a much better listening experience to users who might otherwise be stuck with a less-than-perfect web streaming interface. • Account info in the top right corner (This is more of a personal thing cause I'm never really gonna change accounts or anything from within the program) Google Play Music Desktop Player for Rainmeter Plugin rainmeter plugin that adds support. There's good news for fans of Google Play Music, the search giant's answer to iTunes and Spotify. This is a minor release of Google Play Music Desktop Player < br /> < br /> It's been a long time coming so quick shout out to everyone for struggling on and waiting for this release < br /> < br /> Here is a quick run down of all things that have changed.It has been downloaded over over 3 million downloads since launching a few years back. The app is both open source and wildly popular. Themed top and edges : This will make the sides and the top bar the same colour as your accent colour Google Play Music Desktop Player (herein referred to as ‘GPMDP’ because my fingers ache typing it out in full) is an unofficial desktop client for Google Play Music built using Electron (don’t groan).Font : Included at the top is a Font! (This is disabled by default).Raptor for the Spotify plugin) and Google. Unlimited Songs Play all 150 included songs, every song from the Music Store, or any MIDI. This is an CSS Theme for Google Play Music Desktop Player to add into the Custom Styles allowing you to have a coloured top bar and Border! This was inspired by the well know extension / theme for the Web version know as Play Midnight (and where I got the name for the project from).Ī large amount of edits have been made for my personal taste but are all labeled as best as I can within the file for those who want to remove specific features that they might like, such as the Thumbs up and and down. Raptor for the Spotify plugin) and Google Play Music Desktop Player (thanks to tjhrulz for his plugin) support. Synthesia will play the rest for you so you can focus on your goal. This theme is meant for the Dark Theme ONLY ![]() ![]() Makes an excellent starting point for your own custom prompt.The area between the red, yellow, and green buttons and the first tab can be used to drag the window. In Minimal and Compact, tabs go in the title bar if the tabs are on top. Support VI-mode indication by reverse prompt symbol (Zsh 5.3 ). The standard colors are used, but the title bar is eliminated to save space.When you set a new ITERM session on Remote Desktop Manager (Mac. Shows the current path in the title and the current folder ![]() The primary difference between FHA and ADA on this point is that ADA compliance requires only 5% of the mailboxes to fit within these ranges, while FHA requires compliance to match the appropriate number of covered dwellings pertaining to FHA within the community. The reach ranges called out in ANSI are the same as ADA for the forward approach, but FHA has a taller side approach. Since ANSI does not provide a standard specifically for mailboxes, designers must consult the related human factors and performance specifications to design the accessible features. These Guidelines establish ANSI as a minimum standard of compliance when designing Public and Common Use areas. It will also apply if the dwelling has more than four units, even if they are all ground level.įHA has very specific requirements when it comes to the overall dwellings, but there are only two requirements that would pertain to Section 10 Postal Specialties requirements 1.) Accessible building entrance on an accessible route, and 2.) accessible and usable public and common use areas. ![]() If you are designing in the multi-family space, regardless of housing use, and the building has an elevator, FHA will apply. Essentially while FHA covers a broader class of individuals and housing issues than ADA, it applies to all aspects of the community associations. The design guidelines from FHA are the primary specification that should be followed when designing for multifamily communities. The Fair Housing Act was enacted and amended prior to ADA to cover those with disabilities as it relates to housing. ADA also sets forth the same range for side reach ranges which is again lower than the USPS specifications allow. ADA sets forth a forward reach range that is between 15 and 48 inches, which is lower than the 67” the USPS specifications allows. Mailboxes must comply with Section 309 specifications governing a location’s clear floor space, equipment height, and operation. ![]() Another option to ensure 5% of your mailbox installation is compliant is to install an additional set of mailboxes which fully meet compliance and would only be available for designated mobility units within the community. Sequential numbering also provides greater privacy and security for residents by not tying the mailbox to a specific apartment or house number. This allows greater flexibility in providing accessible mailbox compartments that meet the necessary accessibility regulations. Typically, it is the local jurisdiction codes office/inspector that will designate if an installation must meet only the min ADA requirement of 5% or if it should be 100% compliant there is usually very little in between.Ĭurrent practice is to use sequential numbering on the mailboxes, rather than matching identification to the apartment numbers. Local regulations may override this percentage and require 100% compliance. No customer compartment (interior bottom shelf) shall be positioned less than 28 inches from the finished floor.įor interior mailrooms, the ADA specifies that at least 5% of the mailboxes must meet accessibility guidelines.No parcel locker compartment (interior bottom shelf) shall be positioned less than 15 inches from the finished floor.The USPS Arrow lock shall be located between 36 and 48 inches above the finished floor.No patron (tenant) lock shall be located more than 67 inches above the finished floor.At least one customer compartment shall be positioned less than 48 inches above the finished floor.To remain complaint with USPS installation specifications: Working with local postal officials during the same time you would for other “utilities” will ensure you don’t run into significant headaches later. Naturally the safety and accessibility for all users - carriers and residents alike, is also very important. The primary consideration for the postal service is to find the safest and most efficient line of travel to the mailboxes. In the Postal Operations Manual, the USPS not only specifies the form of delivery needed and the type of equipment to use, but the placement of that equipment within a community as well. ![]() United States Postal Service 4C guidelines (STD-4C).When planning for Section 10 Postal Specialties, the USPS isn’t the only governing body that will apply to your project ADA, FHA and local codes must also be considered. ![]() ![]() An April 2021 study, for instance, deciphered how the axolotl’s molecules communicate to promote regeneration.ĭespite their ubiquitous captive population, wild axolotls are critically endangered. Since scarring prevents tissue from regenerating, finding out how and why axolotls don’t scar could unlock human’s ability to regenerate tissue. states due in part to the risk of them escaping captivity and interbreeding with native salamanders.Īxolotls are also a common research subject for biologists, thanks to their capacity to regenerate lost or damaged limbs, hearts, spinal cords, and even parts of their brains-all without permanent scarring. Yet axolotls are illegal to own in some U.S. Yet in most countries, the species cannot be traded across international borders, in part due to the concern that they'll be poached from the wild. Lighter colored axolotls, especially those with white bodies and pink gills, are usually bred as pets. In the wild, they’re mostly grayish brown in color. Europeans across the continent began breeding the salamanders, the beginning of a robust pet trade in the animals, which breed easily in captivity. A popular oddityĪxolotls have long fascinated the public, even more so when they were first brought from Mexico to Paris in 1864. Axolotls suck in their prey, which includes crustaceans, mollusks, insect eggs and small fish. Those sweet little smiles can quickly turn into vacuum cleaners when it’s time to eat. And as if being forever-babies didn’t make them cute enough, their mouths are upturned in a permanent Mona Lisa smile. Though they keep their gills, adult axolotls also have functional lungs and can breathe through their skin. Their youthful traits include feathery gills sprouting from their heads like a mane, webbed feet, a dorsal fin that runs down the length of their body, and a tail. Unlike other salamanders that undergo metamorphosis, axolotls (pronounced ACK-suh-LAH-tuhl) never outgrow their larval, juvenile stage, a phenomenon called neoteny. But these Mexican amphibians are impressive enough on their own, with the ability to regenerate lost limbs and stay “young” throughout their lives. Current Population Trend: Decreasing What is an axolotl?Īs legend has it, the axolotl is the Aztec god of fire and lightning, Xolotl, which disguised himself as a salamander to avoid being sacrificed. ![]() ![]() Such strategies are filled with problems aiming for the stomachs of prey leaves the cat vulnerable to a retaliatory kick. Some like jaugars and cougars/pumas sometimes target the head but not the stomach. No modern cat hunts with a strategy that aims for the belly. ![]() Some scientists however disagree with this, and believe it targeted the belly of its prey. After pinning its victim down with its powerful front legs, Smilodon would use its powerful neck muscles to drive its saber teeth into the neck of its prey. Smilodon's hunting behavior was interpreted as ambush strategy, sneaking as close to its prey as possible before leaping on it cause it was so slow and had strong yet stocky legs. It is unknown if Smilodon could hunt after lost its teeth but several paleontologists and biologists suggest it could be fatal for the big cat: however, some fossils of Smilodon have been found with healed wounds, indicating injured cat was getting food from an external source which gives credit to it possibly living in prides like modern lions or perhaps in packs akin to those of wolves as there is no size difference between male and female Smilodon recovered from various fossil sites such as Rancho La Brea. Studies by Mauricio Anton et al., also show it could shear off flesh from kills using its carnassial teeth. Its front incisor teeth may also have been used to rip away strips of flesh from the bones of its prey. Smilodon also had and neck muscles that let it stab prey with its deadly maxillary canine sabre teeth, while its jaws were weak as a result of its long canines its bite strength was comparable to a large dog and much weaker than that of a lion. Smilodon had jaws that could 120 degrees while on the other hand, today's lions can only open their jaws at 65 degrees. ![]() Many Smilodon fossils have been found with broken canines a fossil wolf was found with a Smilodon tooth fragment embedded in its skull, as well as a Smilodon recovered from the La Brea Tar Pits with a fatal puncture wound from another of its own kind. Its 31 cm skull had 2 huge sabre-like canine teeth and these were serrated and oval in cross-section. Instead, it hunted relatively slower animals such as Macrauchenia, Toxodon, some species of mammoths and mastodon, and ground sloths. Smilodon's front legs were especially powerful and its body was adapted for springing onto prey, but it was not a very fast runner and could not adapt to chase after fast-running prey like deer. populator skull and canine from Lund's collection, from Zoological Museum, Copenhagen. Smilodon had relatively short, muscular legs and a short, bobbed tail a bit like that of a modern day bobcat. Smilodon was a bit larger than a modern-day lion ( Panthera leo), and much heavier. Smilodon species weighed anywhere from 110 ( gracilis)–400( populator) kg. populator was a fierce predator about 3 metres long and 1.05 metres tall. Smilodon populator was the largest sabre-toothed cat (popularly known as the sabre tooth tiger). Smilodon gracilis meanwhile, was the smallest species, estimated to be about the same weight as a jaguar, maxing out at 360 lbs in weight. Smilodon fatalis was around the same length as a lion, but slightly heavier at around 430-600 lbs. Its only rivals in size amongst the machairodonts were Amphimachairodus and Machairodus horribilis. Smilodon populator in particular was the heaviest, at 800 lbs or more. Smilodon species where the heaviest-built of all machairodontine cats. ![]() The species Smilodon populator was the last and largest of the sabertooth cats, ranging from North to South America during the Pleistocene to the Holocene.Ĭommonly referred to as a saber-toothed tiger, they are by no means related to modern tigers or other pantherines, as they belongs to a distinct subfamily. ![]() Smilodon was a genus of prehistoric cats belonging to the Machairodontinae subfamily. Smilodon populator populator (de Paula Couto, 1955).Felis smilodon bonaerensis (Desmarest, 1953).Smilodontidion riggii (Kraglievich, 1948).Smilodon (Prosmilodon) ensenadensis minor (Kraglievich, 1948).Smilodon (Prosmilodon) ensenadensis ferox (Kraglievich, 1947).Smilodon necator (de Paula Couto, 1940).Smilodon neogaeus (de Paula Couto, 1940).Smilodon (Prosmilodon) ensenadensis (Rusconi, 1929).Smilodon neogaeus ensenadensis (Boule & Thévenin, 1920).Machaerodus ensenadensis (Ameghino, 1889).Machaerodus bonaerensis (Burmeister, 1867).† Smilodon populator (Lund, 1842) (type). ![]() ![]() ![]() Set the file pointer fp back to the start.ĭynamically allocate memory to buffer using malloc of size (length*size of no. ![]() If the file opened successfully, point fp to the last character using fseek function.Ĭreate a variable length of type ‘long’ to store the position of the file pointer fp. Perform error handling to check if the file has opened successfully. Using fp, open the first argument (file) in rb (read-binary) mode. ALGORITHMĭefine a macro XOR_VAR along with your key.Ĭreate a character pointer buffer and initialize it to 0.Ĭreate two strings for input file and output file. Testing the Cryper: The Crypter will then be tested on services like and other antivirus software to prove the successful bypassing of Malware from security software.Ĭheck out Implementation_Guide.docx for step by step procedure. Deobfuscation will be carried out using the same keys from encryption process. The encrypted contents will be then written to a new file and the stream will be closed to prevent data leakage.Įxecution and Deobfuscation: The contents of the file will be deobfuscated when it is executed on the victim’s machine. The contents of the file will be XORed.Ĥ. The contents of the file will be retrieved using the fgets() function until it reachs EOF.ģ. The file will be read using the function fopen() and mode ‘r’.Ģ. At the end of this step, an executable file called payload.exe will be created.Įncrypting the Malware using File Handling and XOR Encryption:ġ. ![]() Command used is - msfvenom –p windows/meterpreter/reverse/tcp to create a reverse tcp meterpreter shell for windows 64bit OS. The entire implementation of this project can be summarized in the following steps:Ĭreating a Malware: A windows meterpreter payload is crafted using msfvenom. When the obfuscated file is opened by the victim, the Crypter will then start the de-obfuscation process by using the same key it used to encrypt it in the first place. The obfuscated contents will then be written to the previously created output file. The Crypter will then extract the contents from the malware and obfuscate them using XOR encryption algorithm. The Crypter will open the malware from the disk while creating another output file to the disk. The project aims at building a Scan-Time Crypter in C, that can assist a malware in bypassing antivirus software. ![]() |
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